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Copyright law varies from country to country. In general, without the rightsholder's permission, you can't use any of it, but there are various exceptions. For written fiction it's hard to know how these would apply.
The title can be copyright also, although as a title is usually quite non-specific it would be hard to enforce, but using 'Billie Jean' would be pretty clear. That said, it's not a prohibited use to reference something by it's title, so "Is that 'Billie Jean' you are listening to?" would be fine - because there's really no other way to refer to the work. But titling your story "Billie Jean" might not be okay.
In US copyright (although not in many other countries) there is a concept called 'Fair Use' whereby you are more or less allowed to use small portions of copyright material in some circumstances. Problem is the guidelines are very subjective - so it's never going to be as simple as "who many words". Google Fair Use for more info
That said, for non-commercial purposes the worst that can really happen is you get a letter from a lawyer telling you to take it out.
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